The relationship between health and healthcare
What the chapter is about
This chapter explores the relationship between health and healthcare. It considers the factors impacting on health care, highlighting the fact that health care has a relatively minor role in the overall health of a population. It highlights the debate around priorities, particularly between preventative and curative interventions and the changing balance between dealing with acute episodes and long-term conditions. The chapter concludes by examining health care as a system, focusing on different world views of healthcare as a system and the challenges of integrating care from different providers with different interests
Listen to an AI-generated discussion about the contents of the chapter
The case studies from this chapter are from:
- Asia (various)
- Low-to-Middle-countries (various)
References with links to full text where available
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2022) Chronic condition multimorbidity, AIHW, Australian government, revised 29/09/ 2022.
Campion-Awwad O, Hayton A, Smith L and Vuaran M (2014) The National Programme for IT in the NHS – A Case History, MPhil Public Policy 2014, University of Cambridge.
https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/Papers/npfit-mpp-2014-case-history.pdf
Case A & Deaton A. (2015) Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Dec 8;112(49):15078-83.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518393112
Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2021) National Health Expenditure Data: Historical.. December 15, 2021.
https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NationalHealthAccountsHistorical
Degenhardt, L., Charlson, F., Ferrari, A., Santomauro, D., Erskine, H., Mantilla-Herrara, A., … & Vos, T. (2018). The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(12), 987-1012.
Galea S, Tracy M, Hoggatt KJ, Dimaggio C, Karpati A. (2011) Estimated deaths attributable to social factors in the United States. Am J Public Health 2011 Aug;101(8):1456-65.
https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2010.300086
Gillies, A., Smith, P. Can AI systems meet the ethical requirements of professional decision-making in health care? AI Ethics 2, 41–47 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00085-w
Haque, M., Islam, T., Rahman, N. A. A., McKimm, J., Abdullah, A., & Dhingra, S. (2020). Strengthening primary health-care services to help prevent and control long-term (chronic) non-communicable diseases in low-and middle-income countries. Risk management and healthcare policy, 409-426
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2147/RMHP.S239074
ISO (2016) Medical devices — Quality management systems — Requirements for regulatory purposes, International Standards Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:13485:ed-3:v1:en
Joseph, A. L., Kushniruk, A. W., & Borycki, E. M. (2020). Patient journey mapping: Current practices, challenges and future opportunities in healthcare. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 12(4), 387–404.
https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2020.12.021
Kings Fund (2019) What is commissioning and how is it changing? 19 September 2019, Kings Fund, London
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/what-commissioning-and-how-it-changing
Kübler-Ross, E. (2009). On death and dying (40th ed.). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Li, X., Mukandavire, C., Cucunubá, Z. M., Londono, S. E., Abbas, K., Clapham, H. E., … & Garske, T. (2021). Estimating the health impact of vaccination against ten pathogens in 98 low-income and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2030: a modelling study. The Lancet, 397(10272), 398-408
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32657-X/fulltext
Likhar, A., Baghel, P., & Patil, M. (2022). Early Childhood Development and Social Determinants. Cureus, 14(9), e29500.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29500
Longman, J., Johnston, J., Ewald, D., Gilliland, A., Burke, M., Mutonga, T., & Passey, M. (2021). What could prevent chronic condition admissions assessed as preventable in rural and metropolitan contexts? An analysis of clinicians’ perspectives from the DaPPHne study. PloS one, 16(1), e0244313.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244313
Marmot MG, Rose G, Shipley M, Hamilton PJ. (1978) Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants. J Epidemiol Community Health 1978 Dec;32(4):244-
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.32.4.244
McGinnis JM and Foege WH. (1003) Actual causes of death in the United States. JAMA Nov 10;270(18):2207-12.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510180077038
McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR. (2002) The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Aff (Millwood) 2002 Mar-Apr;21(2):78-93. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.78
Muennig P, Fiscella K, Tancredi D, Franks P. (2010)The relative health burden of selected social and behavioral risk factors in the United States: Implications for policy. Am J Public Health 2010 Sep;100(9):1758-64.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.165019
Popkin, B. M. (2014). Synthesis and implications: C hina’s nutrition transition in the context of changes across other low‐and middle‐income countries. Obesity reviews, 15, 60-67.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/obr.12120
Thomas, S. A., Browning, C. J., Charchar, F. J., Klein, B., Ory, M. G., Bowden-Jones, H., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2023). Transforming global approaches to chronic disease prevention and management across the lifespan: integrating genomics, behavior change, and digital health solutions. Frontiers in public health, 11, 1248254.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248254
UN DESA. (2023). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition – July 2023. New York, USA: UN DESA. © UN DESA.
https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/
World Health Organization (2024) Operational framework for monitoring social determinants of health equity. Geneva: Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. ISBN: ISBN 978-92-4-008832-0
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/375732/9789240088320-eng.pdf?sequence=1
World Health Organization. (2020) World health statistics 2020: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Zhao, D. (2021). Epidemiological features of cardiovascular disease in Asia. JACC: Asia, 1(1), 1-13.
https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jacasi.2021.04.007