Resources for Chapter 17

Supporting Industries

What the chapter is about

This chapter considers the issue of the industries that support health care including the pharmaceutical industry, manufacturers of medical products and devices, the digital health industry, and the global health insurance market. It offers an analysis of the role of public-private partnerships in these industry sectors before looking at the significant and growing role of retail pharmacies and the role of laboratories.

Listen to an AI-generated discussion about the contents of the chapter

The case studies from this chapter are from:

  • Brazil
  • European Union
  • India
  • Netherlands
  • Rwanda

References with links to full text where available

Alanazi, A. S., Alfadl, A. A., & Hussain, A. S. (2016). Pharmaceutical care in the community pharmacies of Saudi Arabia: present status and possibilities for improvement. Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences, 4(1), 9.     
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298263/ 

Beastall G. (2008) The modernization of pathology and laboratory medicine in the UK: networking into the future. Clin Biochem Rev;29(1):3–10.

Beck, A., & Reichert, J. M. (2013, September). Approval of the first biosimilar antibodies in Europe: a major landmark for the biopharmaceutical industry. In MAbs (Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 621-623). Taylor & Francis.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/mabs.25864

Castelino RL, Bajorek BV, Chen TF. Retrospective evaluation of home medicines review by pharmacists in older Australian patients using the medication appropriateness index. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2010;44(12):1922-9.

Costa, F. A., Scullin, C., Al‐Taani, G., Hawwa, A. F., Anderson, C., Bezverhni, Z., … & Westerlund, T. (2017). Provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe: Is it developing and spreading?. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 23(6), 1336-1347.   
https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/id/1476/2844.pdf

European Commission (2019) Guidance on Qualification and Classification of Software in Regulation (EU) 2017/745 – MDR and Regulation (EU) 2017/746– IVDR – 10/10/2019 – Created by GROW.DDG1.D.4
https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/37581/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/native

European Parliament And The Council Of The European Union (2017) Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices, amending Directive 2001/83/EC, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 and Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and repealing Council Directives 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EEC. Document 32017R0745
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj

Fang Y, Yang S, Feng B, Ni Y, Zhang K. (2011) Pharmacists’ perception of pharmaceutical care in community pharmacy: a questionnaire survey in Northwest China. Health Soc Care Community. 2011;19(2):189‐197.

Feagan B. (2017). Benefits, Concerns, and Future Directions of Biosimilars in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 13(12), 745–747.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5763561/

Gibbon, G.A. (1996). “A brief history of LIMS”. Laboratory Automation and Information Management. 32 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/1381-141X(95)00024-K

Goetz, L. H., & Schork, N. J. (2018). Personalized medicine: motivation, challenges, and progress. Fertility and sterility, 109(6), 952-963.
https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(18)30407-2/fulltext 

Gopichandran, V., Ganeshkumar, P., Dash, S., & Ramasamy, A. (2020). Ethical challenges of digital health technologies: Aadhaar, India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(4), 277–281.
https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.19.237123

Haugen, H.M. (2021). Does TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) prevent COVID-19 vaccines as a global public good? Journal of World Intellectual Property. 24(3-4): 195-220. doi: 10.1111/jwip.12187

Hawkins R. Managing the pre- and post-analytical phases of the total testing process. Ann Lab Med. 2012 Jan;32(1):5-16.

Hughes CM, Hawwa AF, Scullin C, et al.(2010) Provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists: a comparison across Europe. Pharm World Sci. 2010;32(4):472‐487.

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations. (2021). The pharmaceutical industry and global health: Facts and figures 2022. https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/IFPMA-Facts-And-Figures-2022.pdf

IQVIA. (2021). Global medicine spending and usage trends: Outlook to 2025. https://www.iqvia.com/-/media/iqvia/pdfs/institute-reports/global-medicine-spending-and-usage-trends-outlook-for-2025/iqvia-institute-global-medicines-and-usage-trends-to-2025-0421-forweb.pdf

IQVIA. (2022). The global use of medicines 2022: Outlook to 2026. https://www.iqvia.com/-/media/iqvia/pdfs/institute-reports/the-global-use-of-medicines-2022/global-use-ofmedicines-2022-outlook-to-2026-12-21-forweb.pdf

IQVIA Institute. (2021). Drug expenditure dynamics 1995–2020
https://www.iqvia.com/insights/the-iqvia-institute/reports-and-publications/reports/drug-expenditure-dynamics  

Khdour, M. R., & Hallak, H. O. (2012). Societal perspectives on community pharmacy services in West Bank-Palestine. Pharmacy practice, 10(1), 17.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3798164/

Lenaghan E, Holland R, Brooks A. (2007) Home-based medication review in a high-risk elderly population in primary care—the POLYMED randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing. 2007;36(3):292-7.

Manosuthi, W., Ongwandee, S., Bhakeecheep, S. et al. (2015). Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents 2014, Thailand. AIDS Res Ther 12, 12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-015-0053-z

Medical Benefits Reviews Task Group. (2011) Review of the funding arrangements for pathology services: final discussion paper. Canberra (Australia): Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing.

Mossialos, E., Courtin, E., Naci, H., Benrimoj, S., Bouvy, M., Farris, K., … & Sketris, I. (2015). From “retailers” to health care providers: transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management. Health policy, 119(5), 628-639
https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/36006/1/Mossialos%20E%20et%20al_From%20retailers%20to%20health%20care%20providers.pdf

Mikulic, M. (2021) Pharmaceutical market: worldwide revenue 2001-2021, Statista GmbH, Hamburg,Germany.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/263102/pharmaceutical-market-worldwide-revenue-since-2001/

Nyanchoka, M., Mulaku, M., Nyagol, B., Owino, E. J., Kariuki, S., & Ochodo, E. (2022). Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review. PLOS global public health, 2(12), e0000827.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000827

Olsson, S., Pal, S. N., Stergachis, A., & Couper, M. (2010). Pharmacovigilance activities in 55 low-and middle-income countries: a questionnaire-based analysis. Drug safety, 33, 689-703.

Patel, D. M., Moyo, C., & Bositis, C. M. (2010). A Review of the 2010 WHO Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines: Implications and Realities of These Changes for Zambia. Medical journal of Zambia, 37(2), 118–124.

Press Trust of India. (2017) Over 200 govt websites made Aadhaar details public: UIDAI. The Times of India. 2017 Nov 19.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/210-govt-websites-made-public-aadhaar-details-uidai/articleshow/61711303.cms

Silverman R , Keller  JM, Glassman A and Chalkidou K (2019) Tackling the Triple Transition in Global Health Procurement, Center for Global Development,
https://www.cgdev.org/better-health-procurement

Sreelalitha, N., Vigneshwaran, E., Narayana, G., Reddy, Y. P., & Reddy, M. R. (2012). Review of pharmaceutical care services provided by the pharmacists. IRJP, 3(4), 78-79.

Statista (2023) Digital Health – Worldwide, Revenue, data updated Oct 2023
https://www.statista.com/outlook/hmo/digital-health/worldwide#revenue

Statista (2024) Health insurance – Worldwide, Gross Written Premiums, data updated Feb 2024
https://www.statista.com/outlook/fmo/insurances/non-life-insurances/health-insurance/worldwide#gross-written-premium

Sutherland R. (2012) The effect of for-profit laboratories on the accountability, integration, and cost of Canadian health care services. Open Med. 2012 Dec 18;6(4):e166-70. PMID: 23687532; PMCID: PMC3654513.

Sweet C. M. (2017). The Politics and Policies of Regulating Generics in Latin America: A Survey of Seventeen States. Journal of health politics, policy and law, 42(3), 485–512. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-3802953

US Food and Drug Administration (2018) Software as a Medical Device (SaMD), US FDA Digital Health Center of Excellence.
https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/digital-health-center-excellence/software-medical-device-samd

Waldrop G, Goetz TG, Siddiqi OK, Koralnik IJ, Shah H, Thakur KT. (2019) The World Health Organization’s Essential Diagnostics List: Diagnostics for neurologic disorders. Neurology. 2019 Oct 8;93(15):680-683. Doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008247. PMID: 31591174; PMCID: PMC7010326.

Weise, M., Bielsky, M. C., De Smet, K., Ehmann, F., Ekman, N., Giezen, T. J., … & Schneider, C. K. (2012). Biosimilars: what clinicians should know. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 120(26), 5111-5117.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006497120474336

Wesolowski, JR. Lev, MH (2005) CT: History, Technology, and Clinical Aspects, Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI, Volume 26, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 376-379, Elsevier, New York ISSN 0887-2171,
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2005.07.007

World Health Organization (1994) The role of the pharmacist in the health care system. Geneva  
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/59169

World Health Organization. (2019). The legal and regulatory framework for community pharmacies in the WHO European Region.     
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326394/9789289054249-eng.pdf?sequence=1%26isAllowed=y

World Trade Organization (1994a). Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_01_e.htm 

World Trade Organization (2001). Doha WTO Ministerial 2001: Ministerial declaration. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm 

Zardaín E, Del Valle MO, Loza MI, et al. (2009) Psychosocial and behavioral determinants of the implementation of Pharmaceutical Care in Spain. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(2):174‐182.

Back to the resources content page