During the discussion, the moderator guides the conversation to be inclusive and to deepen engagement. Use prepared, open-ended questions that encourage exploration and critical thinking, avoiding questions that elicit simple “yes/no” answers or are “double-barrelled”. Distribute questions equitably among participants to ensure all voices have an opportunity to contribute and draw quieter students into the discussion through non-threatening questions or specific, small tasks.
During the discussion, the moderator guides the conversation to be inclusive and to deepen engagement. Use prepared, open-ended questions that encourage exploration and critical thinking, avoiding questions that elicit simple “yes/no” answers or are “double-barrelled”. Distribute questions equitably among participants to ensure all voices have an opportunity to contribute and draw quieter students into the discussion through non-threatening questions or specific, small tasks.
Encourage participants to respond directly to each other, fostering genuine dialogue rather than solely addressing the moderator. The moderator should maintain an active yet supportive presence, adding value and steering the conversation constructively without responding to every single post, often by taking a “back seat” to allow peer-to-peer exchange. Model civil and constructive disagreement, perhaps by encouraging phrases like “yes, and…” instead of “no, but…” to promote a positive exchange of ideas. Incorporate interactive methods, such as requiring variations in student responses, which can deepen engagement.
Try the “3C+Q method” to deepen engagement
Flip the cards to explain the 3C+Q method:
Provide opportunities for student autonomy, such as allowing learners to moderate discussions with tutors’ guidance. This will empower them and foster self-direction. This, in turn, aligns with adult learners’ inherent desire for self-direction. Practice active listening, characterised by listening to understand rather than to respond, and respecting moments of silence, which are vital for meaningful exchange. Finally, encourage participants to speak from their personal experience to promote authenticity and reduce generalisation.